فصلنامه دانش و پژوهش در روانشناسی کاربردی
پیاپی 85 (پاییز 1400)

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of matrix intervention program and harm reduction training on mental health indices and attitudes toward harmful relationship among harmed high school female students from relation with opposite sex. The research method was semi-experimental, and research design was three groups with two stages (pre-test and post-test). The statistical population consisted of all the girls who impaired from relation with opposite sex, which among them 36 persons were selected purposefully and then randomly assigned in two experimental groups and one control group. Symptoms Checklist (SCL-90, Derogatis, et al. 1973) and attitudes toward harmful relationship scale (ATHRS، Sheikh Darani, 2008) was used to measure the dependent variable in the pretest and post-test. The group of matrix intervention program and harm reduction training received 10 sessions of treatment and the control group did not receive any treatment. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and post-hoc Bonferroni test. The results revealed that in the post-test phase after the pretest control, there is a significant difference between in the matrix intervention group and harm reduction training group and the control group in anxiety (p=0.001), depression (p=0.001),  interpersonal sensitivity (p=0.002),  hostility (p=0.001),  and paranoia (p=0.007). In the components of attitudes toward harmful relationship there is a significant difference between the matrix intervention group with the harm reduction training group and the control group in the affective damage (p=0.001) and social damages (p=0.046), and there is a significant difference only between the matrix intervention group compared to the control group in academic damages (P =0.012).

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of reflection training on executive functions, episodic foresight and creativity. This study was experimental, pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all children ages 3- 5 with low executive functions in kindergartens in Ahvaz city on 1397. In this study 30 children had selected by single-stage random sampling. The tools used in this study were Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – preschool version (Gioia, Espy & Isquith, 2003), Dimensional Change Card Sort (Zelazo, 2006), Picture-Book Task (Atance & Meltzoff, 2005) and Torrance's thinking creativity in action and movement (Torrance, 1981). Multivariate covariance analysis showed that there are significant differences between two groups (experimental and control) in executive functions, episodic foresight and creativity (F = 10.38, p < 0.001). An analysis of a variable covariance in the MANCOVA text revealed reflection training has a significant effect on the executive functions (F = 11.10, p < 0.01) on the episodic foresight (F = 5.85, p < 0.05) and on creativity (F = 12.52, p < 0.01) in favor of the experimental group.

The purpose of this study was to predict Alexithymia. based on early maladaptive schemas and emotional expressiveness with the role of mediating cognitive flexibility in patients with chronic pain. The research method was correlational and path analysis studies. For this study, 300 patients with chronic pain referred to Tehran hospitals were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Participants completed the questionnaires of early maladaptive schemas Yang (1988), King's and Ammons emotional expressiveness (1990), Toronto Emotional Intelligence (1994), Tagizadeh and Nikkhah's Cognitive Flexibility (2015). Amos and SPSS software were used for data analysis. The results of path analysis showed that only the domains of disturbed constraints of 0.18 and other areas of orientation of 0.14 have a positive effect in explaining the variance of alexithymia (p <0.05). Emotional expression in explaining the variance of alexithymia by -0.27; Affects the mediating variable (cognitive flexibility) -0.44 (p <0.01). Finally, emotional expression with an impact factor of -0.31 has an indirect effect on alexithymia through cognitive flexibility (p <0.01). The results of this study can be used to reduce the level of alexithymia by correcting early maladaptive schemas, emotional expression and cognitive flexibility in patients with chronic pain.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-harm behavior caused by the state of mentalization and family relationships in adolescent girls in the city of Avan. The study was conducted using qualitative method and grounded theory of the theory with semi-structured interviews. The survey was performed on 9 adolescents 14-18 years old with self-harm behavior that were selected using purposeful sampling method.Based on the findings, a set of factors such as vulnerable emotions, auto-mentality, stress and irritability, weakness in emotional management, tendency to relieve and calm, intentionality, low flexibility, and signs of depression have played a role in self-harm. Also, factors such as lack of intimacy, independence, security, confidence, empathy, support and understanding between the parents and the child have created self-harm. both of which are components of mentalization. The most important consequences are patterning for peers, academic failure, the occurrence of mental and physical problems, the field of escape from home and the field of suicide attempt.

The aim this study was effectiveness of multidimensional spiritual therapy with a focus on weight loss and its effect  on emotional stability, self-control, and body mass index in overweight women. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of all obese and overweight women referred to the Counseling and Psychology Clinic in District 3 of Tehran in 1398, and among them, 30 people were selected using the available sampling and were replaced in two experimental and control groups. . The Cattle Questionnaire (1973) was then completed by both groups, and both height and weight were measured. After that, a multidimensional spiritual therapy program with a focus on weight loss was implemented on the experimental group. The post-test was then performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and covariance analysis method. The findings showed that multidimensional spiritual therapy with a focus on weight loss increased emotional stability and self-control, and decreased body mass index (P = 0.001). Therefore, it can be said that teaching weight loss methods, if accompanied by the element of spirituality, can both affect weight loss and affect the regulation of emotions.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the factors affecting adherence to treatment in addicts undergoing camps in Isfahan city. This is a qualitative thematic analysis. The statistical society of the survey includes all addicts referred to camps in Isfahan city in 2018. 10 subjects were selected from narcotics anonymous using a purposive homogeneous sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to collect data. The research tool was a semi-structured interview that included questions related to adherence factors in the treated addicts. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis approach of Braun and Clarke (2000). Our findings demonstrated that adherence to treatment is affected by six major factors: 1) family-related factors 2) behavioral factors, 3) spiritual factors, 4) social factors, 5) tendency to modify personal life and finally, 6) therapeutic factors. In general, these results evince that compliance with treatment in addicts undergoing through camps occur only in the presence of theses six factors and addiction therapists should pay a special attention to improve these factors in treating the addicts

The purpose of this study was to compare of the effect of metacognitive strategies and time management training on test anxiety and academic self-efficacy in Secondary School Female Students. The statistical population of this study included all female student high school Behbahan City in year academic 2018-2019, using a targeted sampling method, 45 of them were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (each group of 15 Student). To collect data Test Anxiety Questionnaire of Spielberger, Gonzalez, Taylor, Algaze & Anton (1978) and Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire of Jing & Morgan (1999). This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group. The experimental groups underwent metacognitive strategies (6 sessions 90 minutes) and time management training (7 sessions 60 minutes), but the control group received no training. Data were analysed using covariance analysis. The results showed that metacognitive strategies and time management training was effective to decrease test anxiety and increase academic self-efficacy in students (p<0.01). Also, the results showed that metacognitive strategies had a greater effect than time management training on decrease test anxiety and increase academic self-efficacy in students (p<0.01). It can be used to metacognitive strategies training to decrease test anxiety and increase academic self-efficacy in students..

In the community of policemen, responsibility is one of the issues that needs to be strengthened and developed and identification of the factors affecting it can be useful in its formulation; hence, this study aims to predict the responsibility attitude based on the sense of coherence and intelligence socially done. This research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was consisted of all police commanders at county level and 82 of them were randomly selected. Responsibility Attitude Questionnaires (Salkovskis, 2000), Sense of coherence questionnaire (Antonovsky, 1987) and social intelligence questionnaire (Aung Tun Thet, 2008) were used. The method of analyzing the data was stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that social intelligence and the manageability component of sense of coherence can significantly predict the responsibility attitude (P<0.001). In a summing up, it can be stated that social intelligence and sense of coherence play a complementary role in prediction of the responsibility attitude; social intelligence with increased stress and a sense of coherence with increased self-esteem.

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of psychological capital intervention model (PCI) on occupational hardiness and jab stress of nurses. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. The population of the study consisted of all nurses working in Chamran hospital of Shiraz in 2017. Based on entry criteria 26 subjects were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental (13 subjects) and control (13 subjects) group. The experimental group participated in 10 sessions (1-week session), while the control group did not attend the sessions. All subjects were assessed through Occupational Hardiness (Moreno-Jiménez & et al 2014) and Nursing Stress scale (Gray-toft & Anderson, 1981). Analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the post-test between occupational hardiness and jab stress (p <0.05). The results showed that the intervention of PCI intervention resulted in a significant increase in the level of occupational hardiness (p<0.05) and the reduction of nurses' occupational stress.

This study aim was to investigate FNE role in predicting dimensions of creativity in students that was conducted with descriptive-correlation method. The study population consisted of all students of Pardis Farabi, Industrial university of Qom and Qom Universities in the academic years of 2018-2019. Total sample size consists of 200 undergraduate students (100 male & 100 Female) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Instruments were used: Abedi's creativity test (1993) and the Fear of negative evaluation scale (FNE; Watson & Friend, 1969). Data were analyzed by SPSS24 software using t-test for comparison of independent groups and linear regression. According to the results, there was no significant difference in total creativity score between male and female, but there were significant differences in the FNE scale(p= 0/0). Linear regression analysis showed that %64 of the creativity in the female’s group was predictable through the FNE. But, in the male’s group, this prediction was significant only in their flexibility score (p=0.01). As a result, fear of negative evaluation by others can greatly affect creativity. Therefore, Culture of Communities has an impact on fear of negative evaluation of individuals and suggested to provide a supportive and non-judgmental context for the emergence of creativity in individuals, especially women.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mindfulness components on rumination and academic procrastination. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate students of Bu Ali Sina University in Hamedan. 367 students were selected by stratified random sampling method. Academic procrastination questionnaire (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), Rumination scale (Yousefi, 2008), five-dimensional mindfulness scale (Baer et al., 2006) were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that the components of mindfulness are able to predict the rumination and academic procrastination changes (p<0.01) and also showed there was significant relationship between the components of mindfulness with rumination and procrastination (p <0.01). According to the results of the study, mindfulness reduces one's mind to repetitive patterns of thought and reduces rumination, and by keeping one's mind present, it prevents procrastination in doing things. Rumination, by reviewing useless mental thoughts, reduces the incentive to do things in timly manner and causes procrastination

This study aimed to investigate the effect of coping styles on marital satisfaction with the moderating role of alienation in married female students. The statistical population of this study included all married female students of Payame Noor University of Najaf abad city who studied in the academic year of 2018-2019. Research design is descriptive and research method is correlational. 252 female students of Najaf abad Payame Noor were selected as the sample using convenience sampling method. Alienation Questionnaire (Osin, 2009), Coping Styles Questionnaire (Endler & Parker, 1990) and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Inventory (Olson et al, 1987) were used in order to collect data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression and path analysis using SPSS-22 and AMOS software. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between coping styles and marital satisfaction with moderating role of alienation among married female students of Payame Noor University of Najaf abad city (P <0.01). This means that the effect of coping styles on marital satisfaction with the moderating role of alienation in married students is significant.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based-mindfulness on marital satisfaction and psychological symptoms among married women. The study was of a semi-experimental type with pre-test post-test with control group. The population of the study of married women admitted to the clinic in district 2 in Tehran City, Iran in year 2019,  and 30 of them were selected using convenient sampling method and placed in two groups of 15 subjects each (experimental and control). Research instruments included Syndrome Checklist Psychological (Derogatis, Lipman & Covi, 1973) and Marital Satisfaction (Enrich, 1983) Questionnaires. The experimental group received 8 sessions of mindfulness training and each session took one hour and half. After that, post-test was conducted. In order to analyze data, multivariate covariance analysis was used. The obtained results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy was effective and significant in decreasing the score of psychological symptoms (Somatization, Depression & Anxiety) and increasing the marital satisfaction among subjects in experimental group (P≤0.001). on the basis of results, it could be said that Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy could have a positive impact on psychological symptoms women (Somatization, depression and anxiety) and marital satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of discrepancy between explicit and implicit self-esteem, with depression symptoms. The research method was descriptive and the statistical population was all of the undergraduate students at Farhangian University of Kurdistan in the academic year 2018-2019 with the quantity of 956 students. Among them, using systematic random sampling, 274 subjects were randomly selected and responded to Beck, Steer & Brown Depression Inventory (1996), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965), and Name Initial Preferences Task Nuttin (1987). The data of 253 subjects were analyzed using hierarchical multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that multivariate correlation coefficient for predictor variable of explicit self-esteem was -0.63 which is significant at (P <0.001, β= 0.58), but this prediction does not significant for implicit self-esteem. also, multivariate correlation coefficient for direction and magnitude of discrepancy between explicit and implicit self-esteem with depression symptoms was 0.93 which is significant at (P <0.001, β= 0.51). Based on these findings, those who have damaged self-esteem; show a higher level of depression symptoms and those with defense self-esteem; show a lower level of depression symptoms.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mindfulness in predicting symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, job stress and job burnout in Tabriz firefighters in the year 2019. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted all of 640 Tabriz firefighters. Finally, 127 of them were selected by cluster sampling. The Burnout Inventory (MBI) (Maslach, 1991), Mississippi scale for combat-related PTSD (M-PTSD) (Norris, Reed, 1997), The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) Short Form (Walach et al. 2006), and Job Stress Scale )Cooper, Marshall, 1976( were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. Findings showed that mindfulness plays a role in predicting post-traumatic stress disorder (β=0.307), job stress (β=0.228) and job burnout (β=0.179). Mindfulness can also negatively predict having post-traumatic stress disorder, stress problems and job burnout in firefighters.